Shandong Province, abbreviated as "Lu", is a provincial administrative region of the People's Republic of China, with Jinan as its provincial capital. Located on the eastern coast of China and downstream of the Yellow River, its territory comprises two parts: the peninsula and the inland. The Shandong Peninsula protrudes into the Bohai Sea and the Yellow Sea; the inland part borders Hebei, Henan, Anhui, and Jiangsu from north to south. The province has a land area of 158,100 square kilometers and an adjacent sea area of approximately 158,600 square kilometers. As of December 2023, Shandong Province has a total of 16 cities with districts and 136 county-level administrative divisions. The permanent resident population at the end of 2024 was 100.8017 million.